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Photodiode with internal signal amplification by avalanche process

In recent years, thulium-doped fiber lasers have attracted more and more attention due to their advantages such as compact structure, good beam quality, and high quantum efficiency. Among them, high-power continuous thulium-doped fiber lasers have important applications in many fields such as medical care, military security, space communications, air pollution detection, and material processing. In the past nearly 20 years, high-power continuous thulium-doped fiber lasers have developed rapidly, and the current maximum output power has reached the kilowatt level. Next, let’s take a look at the power improvement path and development trends of thulium-doped fiber lasers from the aspects of oscillators and amplification systems.

In various optical fiber interference instruments, in order to obtain the maximum coherence efficiency, the polarization state of the optical fiber propagating light is required to be very stable. The transmission of light in a single-mode fiber is actually two orthogonal polarization fundamental modes. When the optical fiber is an ideal optical fiber, the transmitted fundamental mode is two orthogonal double degenerate states, and the actual optical fiber is drawn due to There will be unavoidable defects, which will destroy the double degenerate state and cause the polarization state of the transmitted light to change, and this effect will become more and more obvious as the length of the fiber grows. At this time, the best way is to use Polarization maintaining fiber.

Erbium doped fiber is the core component of PA amplifiers, which amplifies optical signals by doping the rare earth element erbium (Er) into the fiber core.

The full name of VCESL is a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, which is a semiconductor laser structure in which an optical resonant cavity is formed in the direction perpendicular to the semiconductor epitaxial wafer and the laser beam emitted is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. Compared with LEDs and edge-emitting lasers EEL, VCSELs are superior in terms of accuracy, miniaturization, low power consumption, and reliability.