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For polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber, assuming that the polarization direction of the input linearly polarized light is in the middle of the fast axis and the slow axis, it can be decomposed into two orthogonal polarization components. As shown in the figure below, the two light waves initially have the same phase, but because the refractive index of the slow axis is greater than that of the fast axis, their phase difference will increase linearly with the propagation distance.

Scientists have developed a new type of laser that can generate a lot of energy in a short period of time, which has potential applications in ophthalmology and heart surgery or fine materials engineering. Professor Martin De Steck, director of the Institute of Photonics and Optical Sciences at the University of Sydney, said: The characteristic of this laser is that when the pulse duration is reduced to less than one trillionth of a second, the energy can also be "instantly "At its peak, this makes it an ideal candidate for processing materials that require short and powerful pulses.

Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) is the core device for mode-locking to generate ultrashort pulses, especially picosecond pulses. This is a nonlinear light absorption structure that combines a mirror structure and a saturable absorber. Relatively weak pulses can be suppressed, and the pulses can be attenuated in a way that reduces their duration. At present, with the development of microfabrication industry at home and abroad, the demand for ultrashort pulses, especially picosecond pulsed lasers, is increasing, and the demand for SESAM is also increasing.

Lasers can be classified by pumping method, gain medium, operating method, output power, and output wavelength.

Since Maman first obtained laser pulse output in 1960, the process of human compression of laser pulse width can be roughly divided into three stages: Q-switching technology stage, mode-locking technology stage, and chirped pulse amplification technology stage. Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) is a new technology developed to overcome the self-focusing effect generated by solid-state laser materials during femtosecond laser amplification. It first provides ultra-short pulses generated by mode-locked lasers. "Positive chirp", expand the pulse width to picoseconds or even nanoseconds for amplification, and then use the chirp compensation (negative chirp) method to compress the pulse width after obtaining sufficient energy amplification. The development of femtosecond lasers is of great significance.

Laser is a laser generating device and one of the core components in laser application equipment. As the core component of laser technology, lasers are strongly driven by downstream demand and have huge growth potential and broad application scenarios.