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Optical fiber amplifier refers to a new type of all-optical amplifier used in optical fiber communication lines to achieve signal amplification. Among the currently practical fiber amplifiers, there are mainly erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and fiber Raman amplifiers (FRA). Among them, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers are now widely used in long-distance applications due to their superior performance. It is used as power amplifier, relay amplifier and preamplifier in the fields of long-distance, large-capacity and high-speed optical fiber communication systems, access networks, optical fiber CATV networks, systems (radar multi-channel data multiplexing, data transmission, guidance, etc.).

The grating coupler uses grating technology to couple optical signals into optical fibers, and uses the principle of grating diffraction to connect the transmitted optical signals with the optical field inside the optical fiber. The fundamental principle is to use high-frequency acoustic wave fields as gratings to divide light waves into many small light waves, and project them into optical fibers, thereby realizing the coupling and transmission and reception of optical signals.

Fiber lasers use rare-earth-doped fiber as the gain medium, and the pump light forms a high power density in the fiber core, causing the "population inversion" of the doped ion energy level. When a positive feedback loop (forming a resonant cavity) is properly added, It produces laser output.

The gain medium of an optical amplifier can only achieve a limited gain. One approach achieves higher gain by geometrically setting up light so that it passes through multiple channels as it passes through the amplifier, known as a multipass amplifier. The simplest is a two-pass amplifier, where the beam passes through the crystal twice, usually with exactly or nearly opposite directions of propagation.

Recently, with the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shenzhen Basic Research and other projects, Assistant Professor Jin Limin, a member of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Micro-nano Optoelectronics team, cooperated with Professor Wang Feng and Professor Zhu Shide of City University of Hong Kong, and published a research paper in the internationally renowned journal Nature-Communications. Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) is the communication unit.