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Narrow linewidth lasers are widely used as light sources and receivers in fiber optic communication systems. In terms of light sources, narrow linewidth lasers can provide high-quality and highly stable optical signals, which can reduce signal distortion and bit error rates. In terms of receivers, narrow linewidth lasers can provide high sensitivity and high-precision light detection, which can enhance the signal detection capabilities of the receiver. In addition, narrow linewidth lasers can be used for functions such as optical filtering and frequency conversion.

Since the invention of the world's first semiconductor laser in 1962, the semiconductor laser has undergone tremendous changes, greatly promoting the development of other science and technology, and is considered to be one of the greatest human inventions in the twentieth century. In the past ten years, semiconductor lasers have developed more rapidly and have become the fastest growing laser technology in the world. The application range of semiconductor lasers covers the entire field of optoelectronics and has become the core technology of today's optoelectronics science. Due to the advantages of small size, simple structure, low input energy, long life, easy modulation and low price, semiconductor lasers are widely used in the field of optoelectronics and have been highly valued by countries all over the world.

Fiber lasers refer to lasers that use rare-earth-doped glass fibers as gain media. Fiber lasers can be developed on the basis of fiber amplifiers: high power density is easily formed in the fiber under the action of pump light, resulting in laser working material. The energy level "number inversion" can form laser oscillation output when a positive feedback loop (form a resonant cavity) is properly added.

The transmission distance of the optical module refers to the distance over which the optical signal can be directly transmitted without relay amplification. It is divided into three types: short-distance, medium-distance, and long-distance. Generally speaking, 2km and below are short distances, 10-20km are medium distances, and 30km, 40km and above are long distances. Optical modules of different wavelengths with different optical fibers correspond to different transmission distances.

In the mid-1980s, Beklemyshev, Allrn and other scientists combined laser technology and cleaning technology for practical work needs and conducted related research. Since then, the technical concept of laser cleaning (Laser Cleanning) was born. It is well known that the relationship between pollutants and substrates The binding force is divided into covalent bond, double dipole, capillary action and van der Waals force. If this force can be overcome or destroyed, the effect of decontamination will be achieved.