A revolutionary technology allows scientists to observe the interior of instantaneous particles called excitons (Exciton) at close range in an unparalleled way. Excitons describe the bound state of a pair of electrons and holes that are attracted to each other by electrostatic Coulomb interaction. They can be regarded as electrically neutral quasi-particles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and some liquids. They are condensed matter physics. The basic unit that transfers energy without transferring charge.
This is a packaged chip with integrated circuits composed of tens or tens of billions of transistors inside. When we zoom in under a microscope, we can see that the interior is as complex as a city. The integrated circuit is a kind of miniature electronic device or component. Together with wiring and interconnection, fabricated on a small or several small semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates to form structurally closely connected and internally related electronic circuits. Let’s take the most basic voltage divider circuit as an example to illustrate that it is How to realize and produce effect inside the chip.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a low-loss, high-resolution, non-invasive medical and imaging technology developed in the early 1990s. Its principle is similar to ultrasound imaging, the difference is that it uses light instead of sound.
In various optical fiber interference instruments, in order to obtain the maximum coherence efficiency, the polarization state of the optical fiber propagating light is required to be very stable. The transmission of light in a single-mode fiber is actually two orthogonal polarization fundamental modes. When the optical fiber is an ideal optical fiber, the transmitted fundamental mode is two orthogonal double degenerate states, and the actual optical fiber is drawn due to There will be unavoidable defects, which will destroy the double degenerate state and cause the polarization state of the transmitted light to change, and this effect will become more and more obvious as the length of the fiber grows. At this time, the best way is to use Polarization maintaining fiber.
DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is the ability to combine a group of optical wavelengths and use a single optical fiber for transmission. This is a laser technology used to increase bandwidth on existing fiber optic backbone networks. More precisely, the technology is to multiplex the tight spectral spacing of a single fiber carrier in a specified fiber in order to utilize the achievable transmission performance (for example, to achieve the minimum degree of dispersion or attenuation). In this way, under a given information transmission capacity, the total number of optical fibers required can be reduced.
In communications, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is a coupling effect between light waves caused by the third-order polarization real part of the fiber medium. It is caused by the interaction of two or three light waves of different wavelengths at other wavelengths. The production of so-called mixing products, or new light waves in the sidebands, is a parametric nonlinear process. The reason for the four-wave mixing is that the light at a certain wavelength of the incident light will change the refractive index of the optical fiber, and the phase of the light wave will be changed at different frequencies, resulting in a new wavelength.
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