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The wavelength of a laser describes the spatial frequency of the emitted light wave. The optimal wavelength for a specific use case depends heavily on the application. During material processing, different materials will have unique wavelength absorption characteristics, resulting in different interactions with the materials. Likewise, atmospheric absorption and interference can affect certain wavelengths differently in remote sensing, and in medical laser applications, different skin colors will absorb certain wavelengths differently. Shorter wavelength lasers and laser optics have advantages in creating small, precise features that generate minimal peripheral heating due to smaller focused spots. However, they are generally more expensive and more susceptible to damage than longer-wavelength lasers.

Broadband light sources, with their wide spectral coverage and stable output, play a key role in various scientific research and industrial applications.

When using laser as a carrier wave for communication or tools for processing, medical treatment, sensing, and detection, it is usually necessary to manage the polarization state of the laser. If the system needs to maintain a certain special polarization state of the laser, in the case of non-free space, the polarization-maintaining fiber or the circular-preserving fiber will be a practical solution to maintain the laser polarization state in a closed channel mode.

Erbium-doped mode-locked fiber laser is a laser that uses erbium-doped optical fiber as an active medium. Erbium-doped elements can absorb light energy within a specific wavelength range and emit laser photons of a specific wavelength. Mode-locked fiber laser is a laser that can produce extremely short pulses and is often used in scientific research, communication technology, and material processing.

Some solid-state laser gain media are doped with transition metal ions, and the transitions involved are those of electrons in the three-dimensional shell. Figure 1 shows the commonly used transition metal ions and their host media.

1064nm belongs to near-infrared light, which has strong penetration and low light loss. It has been recorded in many scientific studies that 1064nm fiber-coupled lasers have become important components in the fields of biomedicine, optical communications, and industrial processing, driving innovation and efficiency improvement in all walks of life.