Optical fiber is the abbreviation of optical fiber, and its structure is shown in the figure: the inner layer is the core, which has a high refractive index, and is used to transmit light; the middle layer is the cladding, and the refractive index is low, forming a total reflection condition with the core; the outermost The layer is a protective layer to protect the optical fiber.
As an important part of optical fiber communication system, optical module plays the role of photoelectric conversion. This article will introduce the core devices of the optical module.
Laser distance measuring is measured using a laser as a light source.It is divided into continuous laser and pulse laser according to the mode of laser operation.Gas lasers like helium-neon, argon ion, krypton cadmium and so on work in a continuous output state for phase laser ranging, dual heterogeneous GaAs semiconductor laser for infrared ranging; solid laser such as ruby, neodymium glass, for pulse laser ranging.Laser rangefinder due to the characteristics of good monochromy and strong orientation of laser, coupled with the semiconductor integration of electronic lines, compared with the photoelectric rangefinder, it can not only work day and night, but also improve the rangefinder accuracy.
The transmission distance of the optical module refers to the distance over which the optical signal can be directly transmitted without relay amplification. It is divided into three types: short-distance, medium-distance, and long-distance. Generally speaking, 2km and below are short distances, 10-20km are medium distances, and 30km, 40km and above are long distances. Optical modules of different wavelengths with different optical fibers correspond to different transmission distances.
The fiber cut-off wavelength is to ensure that only one mode exists in the fiber. One of the main transmission characteristics of single-mode fiber is the cut-off wavelength, which is of great significance for fiber optic cable manufacturers and users of fiber optic cables to design and use fiber optic transmission systems.
Fiber optic gyroscope is the fiber angular velocity sensor, which is the most promising one among various fiber optic sensors. The fiber optic gyroscope, like the ring laser gyroscope, has the advantages of no mechanical moving parts, no warm-up time, insensitive acceleration, wide dynamic range, digital output, and small size. In addition, the fiber optic gyroscope also overcomes the fatal shortcomings of ring laser gyroscopes such as high cost and blocking phenomenon. Therefore, fiber optic gyroscopes are valued by many countries. Low-precision civilian fiber optic gyroscopes have been produced in small batches in Western Europe. It is estimated that in 1994, the sales of fiber optic gyroscopes in the American gyroscope market will reach 49%, and the cable gyroscope will take the second place (accounting for 35% of sales).
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