How to test the transmittance and reflectance of optical components?

When the incident light flux leaves from the illuminated surface or the incident surface of the medium to the other side, the ratio of the radiant energy projected and transmitted through the object to the total radiant energy projected on the object is called the transmittance of the object. The percentage of radiant energy reflected by an object to the total radiant energy is called reflectivity.
In related work in the optical industry, we often test the transmittance and reflectance of optical components. How to solve this problem?

1）. Planar transmittance/reflectivity test
1. Instrument name: Planar spectrophotometer;
2. Instrument model: Photon RT;
3. Manufacturer: ESSENT OPTICS, Belarus;
4. Equipment function: test the transmittance and reflectance of multi-angle and different polarization states for flat optical samples such as windows, filters, co-plating sheets, and prisms;
5. Test band: 185~3500nm;
6. Transmittance test angle: 0~75°;
7. Reflectance test range: 8~75°;
8. Prism type: cubic prism (other prisms or special-shaped prisms need to provide customized tooling for structural drawings);
9. Polarization test: P light, S light or any ratio of P/S, polarization test range: 240~3500nm;

2). Lens transmittance/reflectivity test
1. Instrument name: lens test spectrophotometer;
2. Instrument model: LINZA 150;
3. Manufacturer: ESSENT OPTICS, Belarus;
4. Test range: 185~1700 (nm);
5. Equipment function: test the on-axis transmittance of the lens or lens group, and test the reflectance of different points on the outer surface of the lens or lens;
6. Test band: 185~1700nm;
7. Transmission test range:
Convex, concave, aspherical
Lens size: diameter 10~150mm, mechanical length ≤240mm
Focal length: ≥20mm (<20mm test plan, please contact the engineer);
8. Reflectance test range:
Convex, concave, aspherical
Lens size: diameter 10~90mm, mechanical length ≤60mm (typical situation)
Radius of curvature: ≥15mm;