GPON (Gigabit-Capable PON) technology is the latest generation of broadband passive optical integrated access standard based on the ITU-TG.984.x standard. It has many advantages such as high bandwidth, high efficiency, large coverage, and rich user interfaces. Most operators regard it as an ideal technology to realize broadband and comprehensive transformation of access network services.
GPON was first proposed by the FSAN organization in September 2002. On this basis, ITU-T completed the formulation of ITU-T G.984.1 and G.984.2 in March 2003, and completed G.984.1 and G.984.2 in February and June 2004. 984.3 standardization. Thus finally formed the standard family of GPON. The basic structure of the equipment based on GPON technology is similar to the existing PON. It is also composed of the OLT (optical line terminal) at the central office and the ONT/ONU (optical network terminal or called optical network unit) at the user side. Optical fiber (SM fiber) and passive splitter (Splitter) composed of ODN (optical distribution network) and network management system.
For other PON standards, the GPON standard provides unprecedented high bandwidth, with a downstream rate of up to 2.5Gbit/s, and its asymmetric characteristics can better adapt to the broadband data service market. It provides full service guarantee of QoS, and carries ATM cells and (or) GEM frames at the same time. It has a good ability to provide service levels, support QoS guarantee and full service access. When carrying GEM frames, TDM services can be mapped into GEM frames, and standard 8kHz (125μs) frames can directly support TDM services. As a telecommunication-level technical standard, GPON also specifies the protection mechanism and complete OAM function at the access network level.
In the GPON standard, the types of services that need to be supported include data services (Ethernet services, including IP services and MPEG video streams), PSTN services (POTS, ISDN services), dedicated lines (T1, E1, DS3, E3, and ATM services). ) And video services (digital video). Multi-services in GPON are mapped to ATM cells or GEM frames for transmission, providing corresponding QoS guarantees for various service types.
Currently, GPON mainly adopts three networking modes: FTTH/O, FTTB+LAN, and FTTB+DSL. 1) FTTH/O is fiber to the home/office. After the optical fiber enters the splitter, it is directly connected to the user's ONU. An ONU is only used by one user, with high bandwidth and high cost, and is generally aimed at high-end users and commercial users. 2) FTTB+LAN uses fiber to reach the building, and then connects different services to multiple users through a large-capacity ONU (called MDU). Therefore, multiple users share the bandwidth resources of one ONU, and each person occupies lower bandwidth and lower cost , Generally for low-end residential and low-end commercial users. 3) FTTB+ADSL uses fiber to reach the building, and then uses ADSL to connect services to multiple users, and multiple users share an ONU. The bandwidth, cost, and customer base are similar to those of FTTB+LAN.
The maximum downstream rate of GPON is 2.5Gbps, the upstream line is 1.25Gbps, and the maximum splitting ratio is 1:64.
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